Primary Factors Of Visceral Fat Deposition And...

It has also previously been proposed that other primary factors may affect both visceral fat deposition and cardiometabolic outcomes. For instance, excess visceral adiposity could be the consequence of an activated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis leading to an increased control of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism by glucocorticoids.74 Because visceral adipocytes have more glucocorticoid receptors than subcutaneous adipose cells, such an activated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis may promote preferential fat deposition in the visceral adipose depot while at the same time inducing insulin resistance in the liver and in the skeletal muscle.74 Other possibly important key players are gonadal steroids. Indeed, very informative†¦show more content†¦There is less controversy concerning the effects of fructose on components of metabolic syndrome; consumption of fructose has been shown to increase visceral adipose deposition and de novo lipogenesis (DNL), produce dyslipidemia, and decrease insulin sensitivity in older, overweight/obese subjects. 83,84 Bray and his colleagues study the relation between the intake of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and the development of obesity. They analyzed food consumption patterns by using US Department of Agriculture food consumption tables from 1967 to 2000. The consumption of HFCS increased 1000% between 1970 and 1990, far exceeding the changes in intake of any other food or food group. HFCS now represents 40% of caloric sweeteners added to foods and beverages and is the sole caloric sweetener in soft drinks in the United States. Their estimation of the consumption of HFCS ind icates a daily average of 132 kcal for all Americans aged ≠¥ 2 y, and the top 20% of consumers of caloric sweeteners ingest 316 kcal from HFCS/d. The increased use of HFCS in the United States mirrors the rapid increase in obesity. The digestion, absorption, and metabolism of fructose differ from those of glucose. Hepatic metabolism of fructose favors de novo lipogenesis. In addition, unlike glucose, fructose does not stimulate insulin secretion or enhance leptin production. Because insulin and leptin act as key afferent